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When most people think of prison gangs, they think of chaotic bands of violent, racist thugs. Few people think of gangs as sophisticated organizations (often with elaborate written constitutions) that regulate the prison black market, adjudicate conflicts, and strategically balance the competing demands of inmates, gang members, and correctional officers. Yet as David Skarbek argues, gangs form to create order among outlaws, producing alternative governance institutions to facilitate illegal activity. He uses economics to explore the secret world of the convict culture, inmate hierarchy, and prison gang politics, and to explain why prison gangs form, how formal institutions affect them, and why they have a powerful influence over crime even beyond prison walls. The ramifications of his findings extend far beyond the seemingly irrational and often tragic society of captives. They also illuminate how social and political order can emerge in conditions where the traditional institutions of governance do not exist.
- Sales Rank: #243500 in Books
- Published on: 2014-07-01
- Released on: 2014-07-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.30" h x .80" w x 9.10" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 240 pages
Review
Winner of the William H. Riker Book Award, American Political Science Association
Winner of the 2014 Outstanding Publication Award, International Association for the Study of Organized Crime.
Shortlisted, 2014 Thinking Allowed Ethnography Award, British Sociological Association
"This is a fascinating study of what the title suggests. It is also a remarkable study of a "natural experiment" in the evolution of government. Put a couple of thousand men, not of the nicest kind, into close confinement with limited communication facilities and little government, and see what happens. What happens is government, based largely on ethnic gangs, with hierarchy, rules, and sometimes written constitutions. The basic problem to be solved is the management of the market for drugs, and solving that leads to genuine institutions. A great read."
-- Thomas Schelling, Nobel Laureate in Economics (2005)
"David Skarbek has written a wonderful book. It is a gripping account of prison gangs, pointing to a wholesale re-thinking of the management of American prisons. But it is far more than this: if you care at all about ethnic politics, violence, and the emergence of social order, organizational theory and the problems of collective action-in short, if you have any interest at all in how societies govern themselves-you have to read this book."
-- Philip Keefer, Lead Economist, Development Research Group, The World Bank
"David Skarbek's The Social Order of the Underworld can be read with great profit on each of three levels: it is an engrossing ethnography of American prison life; it is a penetrating economic analysis of the organization of the drug trade; and it offers an innovative theory of how an effective governing institution can originate in the wild and exert legitimate domination over its subjects. This book is a stunning achievement that makes me proud to be a social scientist."
-- David D. Laitin, Watkins Professor of Political Science, Stanford University
"Meticulously researched and convincingly argued. Skarbek's book is an outstanding addition to our understanding of self-governance, its ubiquity, and effectiveness."
-- Peter T. Leeson, George Mason University, and author of The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates
"Drawing on economic theory, David Skarbek shows how social order can emerge in the most unlikely circumstances. In the nasty and brutish world of American prisons, gangs have emerged to govern the penal system, settle dispute and regulate the market for drugs. This is a story about the ingenuity of gang members and of institutional failure. The Social Order of the Underworld straddles all the social sciences to give us a masterly account of the human condition in the most harrowing circumstances. Add a vivid narrative style and the total absence of jargon, and you have in your hand a terrific book."
-- Federico Varese, Professor of Criminology, Oxford University
"Excellent...A very interesting book, which should be read by anyone with an interest in this topic".
-- Tyler Cowen, George Mason University
"Skarbek...shows how gangs have spread through the prison system in the United States. He argues, convincingly, that gangs offer protection and governance in places where established institutions fail."
-- The Economist
"A fascinating new book."
-- Matt Ridley, The Times, author of The Rational Optimist
"The Social Order of the Underworld is thought-provoking and challenging...in jurisdictions like England and Wales, where gangs are a significant issue but less firmly entrenched, policy-makers in this field potentially have much to learn from Skarbek’s book."
-- Tim Newburn, London School of Economics
Every once in a while a daring book or article comes along that helps us establish new connections between apparently distant analytical and geographic locations…The Social Order of the Underworld, by David Skarbek does just that…it is prime evidence of why rigorous, but methodologically flexible, academic research and heterodox thought is often much more deeply relevant for the real world…. [for] those working on organized crime and gangs, violence, ethnicity and race, governance, urban sociology and politics, economics and, even, international development and anthropology.
--- Graham Denyer Willis, University of Cambridge
David Skarbek’s The Social Order of the Underworld: How Prison Gangs Govern the American Penal System is a revelatory account of the etiology, flourishing, and demise of prison gangs. Skarbek works in a rational choice tradition, but also brings to bear a rich tapestry of first-hand accounts. He shows that prison gangs are an inevitable (and, yes, rational, even efficient) response to mass incarceration and the new demographics of prisons. The result is a compelling portrait of the inadvertent consequences of mass incarceration.
--- Aziz Huq, University of Chicago Law School
"The most perceptive book about the US prison regime....Skarbek's The Social Order of the Underworld should serve as a terrible warning of where [the UK] may otherwise be heading."
--- Vicky Pryce, former joint head of the UK Government Economic Service
“…meticulously researched, soundly reasoned, well written, and accessible to specialist scholars and casual readers alike. It should be considered required if not immediate reading for anyone with serious research interests in either economics or the applied fields of crime and punishment…a much needed methodological and theoretical update to the currently dominant and arguably incomplete models of crime and punishment.”
--- Daniel J. D'Amico, Brown University
"[Skarbek] makes his case with compelling logic and evidence… [he] brings a refreshing perspective to prison research… A short review cannot do justice to this valuable work or fully develop the nuances. It is perhaps the best book on prison culture and administration since James Jacobs’ Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society."
-- Jim Thomas, Northern Illinois University
"This is a really incredible book. I was utterly fascinated by it. I learned an immense amount, way too much, actually, about prisons...it's a fabulous application of economics to a wide range of social phenomena. It's really an amazing book."
-- Russell Roberts, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
A fascinating account...a model example of how to use economic analysis to highlight the illegal world, without falling into the trap of economic imperialism...a must-read.
--Diane Coyle, University of Manchester
This work is an intriguing, well-written and insightful contribution to the gang and prison literature...I found the intervention of Skarbek’s work to be thought-provoking and analytically enriching in an area that is extraordinarily bereft of rigorous critical inquiry.
-- David Brotherton, John Jay College
"Brilliant book, meticulously researched, well argued, and clearly written. Order now for you and your students' edification and pure pleasure in reading well written and well done social science."
--- Peter Boettke, George Mason University
"The Social Order of the Underworld is an excellent read with an illuminating analysis. Those unfamiliar with the world of penal gangs and
those looking for a refreshing take on the organization of inmate social systems would do well to start with this book."
--- Michael L. Walker, University of Nebraska
''Skarbek has produced a must read piece of research for anyone remotely interested in the American criminal justice system. His well-argued economic analysis makes it difficult to subscribe to any other theory of what we’re seeing in the prison system and why.''
--- Adam Bates, Cato Institute
Skarbek’s book has much to offer—especially as a classroom tool. It is highly readable, well organized, and...provides a concise introduction to basic economic theories of governance and punishment in a field that tends to be more sociologically focused. And it certainly provides a fresh perspective on gangs.
--- Keramet Reiter, UC Irvine
About the Author
David Skarbek is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
One of the best I've read this year . . .
By Bradley Bevers
Came across this book through a random post online, decided to give it a try - glad I did. It reads a little dryly at points, but it is a fascinating look at the current prison system and how it is on the inside. From an economist's perspective, there is a lot of information to sift through. I like how the author included an anecdote with each facet of the system he examined as well.
Some of the things you will learn:
* How governance systems are created - this was an unexpected look at political and social science, very interesting to see what groups of people will do when they are not provided governance, as many prisoners are not
* How gangs were created in the system
* Why gangs on the outside pay tribute to those inside
* 13,000+ cell phones confiscated in California Prison system in one year . . . estimated 10% of what there is
* How gangs can serve to lower violence in prison
* How broken the system is right now - too many prisoners, not enough protection. There is almost no choice but to join a gang for your own protection
* How gangs are created to provide the goods others want
This is well worth the read, one of the most interesting and thought-provoking books I have read this year. The author did an excellent job of giving an inside look at prisons, governance systems, and possible solutions moving forward.
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
must read - realpolitik
By Amazon Customer
Fantastic book! Skarbek reveals the economic logic behind the frightening world of prisons and prison gangs. But to read this book and only think about prisons is to miss the larger value of what his research demonstrates. We can learn a great deal about what people really want and how they behave by reading about this unique environment. The book is well written, with enough horrifying stories to keep you turning the pages, but also enough theory to keep you thinking about human nature and human organizations after.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A fascinating view of how people organise themselves in tough circumstances
By sien
The Social Order of the Underworld: How Prison Gangs Govern the American Penal System (2014) by David Skarbek is a fascinating look into when, how and why prison gangs have formed in the US and how they operate. The book concentrates on the Californian Prison System.
Prior to the 1950s the Californian Prison system housed a fairly small number of inmates and Skarbek says there were no gangs, instead prison inmates had a code that they obeyed that was fairly simple but allowed inmates to remain fairly safe.
As the population of inmates grew rapidly prison became more dangerous as new inmates didn’t know the code and inmates had little in common with each other. In order to provide protection gangs arose and then began to provide services for inmates including drugs and payment systems and a method of enforcing agreements. The gangs formed along ethnic lines and geographic lines. Skarbek argues not because of racial attitudes but simply because race is something that allows easy identification. These gangs create their own rules and even write their own constitutions. They recruit people who they believe will serve the organisation well.
The gangs allow people to do deals by ensuring that people are more trustworthy because they will enforce contracts. For instance if a white inmate gets drugs from a latino inmate and then refuses to pay the white gangs will actually force the inmate to pay or physically harm him to keep order. Skarbek points out that prison gangs actually reduce riots and some kinds of violence as the gangs want things to be orderly so that they can make money from their illicit activities. Prison lockdowns due to riots hurt gang profits.
The many downsides of gangs, their own kinds of violence and the corruption they lead to are not ignored. The remarkable pressure that they manage to bring to bear on crime outside prisons is explained convincingly.
The book provides a really interesting glimpse into how the underworld organises itself. It’s really interesting to read about how human self-organisation arises in incredibly inhospitable environments.
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